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  1. Rock | Definition, Characteristics, Formation, Cycle, Classification ...

    Dec 29, 2025 · Rock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is composed and …

  2. Mineral | Types & Uses | Britannica

    Mineral, naturally occurring homogeneous solid with a definite chemical composition and a highly ordered atomic arrangement. Usually formed by inorganic processes, there are several …

  3. Sedimentary rock | Definition, Formation, Examples,

    Dec 17, 2025 · The book Rocks and Rock Minerals by Louis V. Pirsson was first published in 1908, and it has enjoyed various revisions. Sedimentary rocks are classified there rather …

  4. Rock - Structure, Texture, Composition | Britannica

    Dec 29, 2025 · Since rocks are aggregates of mineral grains or crystals, their properties are determined in large part by the properties of their various constituent minerals.

  5. Mineral - Occurrence, Formation, Compound | Britannica

    5 days ago · Mineral - Occurrence, Formation, Compound: Minerals form in all geologic environments and thus under a wide range of chemical and physical conditions, such as …

  6. Metamorphic rock | Definition, Formation, & Facts | Britannica

    Dec 27, 2025 · Minerals within the original rock, or protolith, respond to the changing conditions by reacting with one another to produce a new mineral assemblage that is thermodynamically …

  7. Geology | Definition, Examples, Rocks, Study, Importance, & Facts ...

    Dec 15, 2025 · About 3,000 distinct mineral species are recognized, but relatively few are important in the kinds of rocks that are abundant in the outer part of the Earth. Thus a few …

  8. Mineral - Crystal Structures, Chemical Compounds | Britannica

    Oct 31, 2025 · Mineral - Crystal Structures, Chemical Compounds: The external morphology of a mineral is an expression of the fundamental internal architecture of a crystalline …

  9. Mineral - Classification, Properties, Types | Britannica

    Mineral - Classification, Properties, Types: Since the middle of the 19th century, minerals have been classified on the basis of their chemical composition. Under this scheme, they are …

  10. Geology - Earth Composition, Rocks, Minerals | Britannica

    Dec 15, 2025 · Geology - Earth Composition, Rocks, Minerals: As a discipline, mineralogy has had close historical ties with geology. Minerals as basic constituents of rocks and ore deposits …