Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of conditions that occur when you have compressed nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet. The thoracic outlet is the triangular space between your ...

Thoracic pain management remains a crucial aspect of both perioperative care and chronic pain therapy, with advances in regional anaesthetic techniques substantially improving patient outcomes.

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The thoracic spine is made up of 12 bones that attach to your ribs ...

If nonsurgical treatments do not relieve a person’s thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms, a doctor may suggest surgery to relieve compression in the thoracic outlet. Surgery may include a first rib ...

Thoracic aneurysm open surgery is a treatment for a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a bulge in your aorta. The aorta, your body’s largest blood vessel, begins at your heart and extends into your ...

Steroids help reduce inflammation that can cause severe back pain, but steroids aren’t long-term solutions. They come with a number of potential side effects and health risks. Share on Pinterest Getty ...

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways Neural foraminal stenosis occurs when the space a spinal nerve ...

Sore shoulder? Achy knee? If ice or hot packs don't seem to be helping, an over-the-counter topical pain-relief cream can offer more serious soothing power. "When used after proper evaluation, they ...

Possible causes of middle right back pain include sprains, herniated disks, poor posture, arthritis, kidney pain, scoliosis, and pancreatic cancer. Middle right back pain affects the area between the ...