The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Internal vibrators, sometimes referred to as “spud” or “porker” vibrators are the most common tools used to achieve concrete consolidation in foundations, columns and walls. In addition to ...

Honeycomb, subsidence cracks, cold joints and excessive surface air voids are common surface blemishes associated with ineffective concrete consolidation. In addition to being unsightly, formed ...