Columbus is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 975 at the 2010 census. Columbus is in the northeastern corner of the county and is northeast of Norwich. The area of Columbus was first settled around 1791. The town was formed in 1805 from the town of Brookfield. Additional territory was obtained from the town of Norwi…Columbus is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 975 at the 2010 census. Columbus is in the northeastern corner of the county and is northeast of Norwich. The area of Columbus was first settled around 1791. The town was formed in 1805 from the town of Brookfield. Additional territory was obtained from the town of Norwich in 1807.